Vacuum casting process and principle

Vacuum casting is a casting process that uses a vacuum environment for metal smelting, pouring, and crystallization. Its basic principle is to smelt and pour metal in a vacuum chamber to reduce the gas content in the metal and prevent metal oxidation.

Jan 08,2025

Vacuum casting is a casting process that uses a vacuum environment for metal smelting, pouring, and crystallization. Its basic principle is to reduce the gas content in the metal and prevent metal oxidation by smelting and pouring the metal in a vacuum chamber. Vacuum casting is suitable for producing high-requirement special alloy steel castings and titanium alloy castings that are easily oxidized.

The process flow of vacuum casting includes the following main steps:

Mold making: First, a lost-foam mold is made according to the design drawings of the casting. Since vacuum casting is a solid-mold casting, it is not necessary to remove the casting mold, so a lost-foam mold is used for casting.

Sand filling and evacuation: The casting mold is placed in a sand box for sand filling, and the vibration platform is turned on to ensure uniform sand filling. After filling, the vacuum pump is started to extract the air inside the mold, forming a negative pressure, making the dry sand compact and forming the required cavity.

Pouring: The molten metal is poured under vacuum. During the pouring process, the pouring speed needs to be controlled to ensure that the molten metal completely fills the cavity. After pouring, the vacuum state is maintained until the casting is completely solidified.

Sand removal and post-processing: After the casting is completely solidified, the air source is turned on to remove the surrounding molding sand. For local molding sand, it can be removed by slight vibration. After sand removal, the casting enters the sandblasting room to remove casting burrs and improve the surface finish of the casting.

The advantages of vacuum casting include:

Low gas content: Smelting and pouring in a vacuum environment greatly reduces the gas content in the metal, improving the quality of the casting.
Prevention of oxidation: Avoids contact between metal and oxygen, preventing oxidation.
Wide range of applications: Suitable for the production of high-requirement castings such as special alloy steel and easily oxidized titanium alloys.
Through the above steps and principles, vacuum casting can produce high-quality castings to meet various high-requirement industrial applications.

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